1.	(a)	(i)	5:1;	1
(ii)	7 [× smaller]/AW;	1
 
(b)	0.5;	1
 
(c)	surface area relative to volume too small/AW;
diffusion too slow/AW; idea of speed needed 
distance too great/some cells deep in body/not all cells in contact with
environment/AW; R large if unqualified
insufficient/AW, oxygen/(named) nutrient, supplied/(named) waste removed;
idea of linking (named) areas; look for ‘from…’ ‘to…’ with an
implication of organs, not just ‘all over body’
(may be,) more (metabolically) active/AW/, homoiothermic;
R just ‘need more energy’	3 max
[6]

2.	(i)	(blood flows) twice through the heart / AW;
for one circuit / cycle (of the whole body) / AW; A for one heart beat
ref pulmonary and systemic systems / to lungs and to (rest of) body;
R systematic	2 max
 
(ii)	read whole answer and look for any two linked ideas from
•	size
•	activity
•	SA:V ratio
	ora if answered in terms of Paramecium
	size
(mammals) larger / AW;
cells deep in the body;
regions requiring materials separated by a distance / need to get
materials to all parts / AW;
	diffusion too slow / AW;
 
	activity
(mammals) more (metabolically) active / AW;
need more materials / more rapid supply / more removal of wastes;
	SA:V ratio
(mammals) surface area:volume ratio reduced / AW;
diffusion alone not effective / AW; must be linked to SA:V	max 4
[6]

3.	(i)	award two marks if correct answer (0.55 – 0.65) is given
incorrect answer (or no answer) but correct working = 1 mark
ecf rules apply for 1 mark max
	working; (marks on graph or calculation)
0.55 – 0.65;	2
(ii)	vital capacity;	1
[3]

4.	(i)	award two marks if correct answer (77) is given – must be rounded up
award one mark for calculation – 2.3 / 3.0 or 76.7 if answer incorrect
	2.3 ÷ 3.0 / 76.7;
77;	2
 
(ii)	forced expiratory volume decreases / AW;
returns to initial value / fluctuates / AW;
figs to show a change with correct units / e.g. 2.3 dm^3 s^–1 to 1.5 dm^3 s^–1;
A ecf from (i)
	vital capacity remains constant;
at 3.0 dm^3;	max 3
[5]

5.	(i)	A	smooth endoplasmic reticulum / SER
B	nuclear, membrane / envelope;
C	mitochondrion;
D	nucleolus;
mark first response on each line only
ACCEPT nucleus, membrane / envelope
ACCEPT mitochondria
DO NOT ACCEPT nucleous
4

(ii)	(mitochondria) vary in shape;
longer than wide;
ACCEPT sausage shaped/long and thin
ACCEPT if shown by drawing
	cut in different planes / angles / AW;
	just divided / growing;
artefact / deformed during preparation of section;
need comparative statement
ACCEPT C has been cut in longitudinal plane, E has
been cut in transverse, section / plane
ACCEPT one cut horizontally, other cut vertically
ACCEPT in different positions / one viewed from
above the other from the side
2 max
 
(ii)	correct answer = two marks
	3.75 / 3.8;;
	if answer incorrect ALLOW one mark for correct working
ACCEPT if 3.75 or 3.8 is seen anywhere in response
(even if later rounded to 4)
Max 1 if response is 4 with no working
how to award one mark for working e.g.
candidate shows correct calculation but wrong answer
actual length = 
 
OR
candidate uses magnification (× 4000) in calculation:
actual length = 15000 / 4000;
length of C should be 15mm / 15000μm
ACCEPT ecf for working mark if length of C is not
measured correctly but incorrect figure is used in
calculation correctly
2
[8]

6.	if only ticks, assume blank boxes = 
If only crosses, assume blank boxes = 
reject hybrid ticks
| 4;
4 | ;
4 | ;
4 | ;
		4
[4]

7.	award two marks if correct answer (14 000) is given
incorrect answer (or no answer) but correct working = 1 mark
ecf rules apply for one mark max
14 000;;
	R units in the answer
	allow 14666.67 or rounded correctly (e.g. 15 000) (for 22 mm)
13333.33 or rounded correctly (e.g. 13 000) (for 20 mm)
	A 1 mark for	20 / 21 / 22 mm ÷ 1.5 or equivalent
	or	ecf (for measurements 15 – 25 mm)	2
[2]

8.	

prokaryotic | eukaryotic

as chromosomes / chromatin
OR
(genetic material) associated
with, proteins / histones;

| (diameter of cell) 20 – 40 µm;
(ribosomes) 18nm; |
cell wall (present); |
DO NOT ACCEPT chromatid
Figures must have correct units
ACCEPT any figure(s) in range 10 – 100 µm
ACCEPT any figure(s) in range 10 – 20 nm
ACCEPT 70 S
DO NOT ACCEPT sometimes or usually present
[4]

9.	resolution / resolving power;	1
[1]

Harris Academy South Norwood